His government was also hostile towards the country's immediate neighbours. President Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China. He broke with the Soviet Union after Nikita Khrushchev embarked on his reformist Khrushchev Thaw, withdrew Albania from the Warsaw Pact in 1968 in protest of the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, and broke with China after U.S. Background įrom the end of World War II to his death in April 1985, Enver Hoxha pursued a style of politics informed by hardline Stalinism as well as elements of Maoism. Most are now derelict, though some have been reused for a variety of purposes, including residential accommodation, cafés, storehouses, and shelters for animals or the homeless. A few were used in the Albanian insurrection of 1997 and the Kosovo War of 1999. The bunkers were abandoned following the dissolution of the communist government in 1992. The cost of constructing them was a drain on Albania's resources, diverting them away from more pressing needs, such as dealing with the country's housing shortage and poor roads. They were never used for their intended purpose during the years that Hoxha governed. Hoxha's program of "bunkerization" ( bunkerizimi) resulted in the construction of bunkers in every corner of the then People's Socialist Republic of Albania, ranging from mountain passes to city streets. The bunkers ( Albanian: bunkerët) were built during the Hoxhaist government led by the Leader Enver Hoxha from the 1960s to the 1980s, as the regime fortified Albania by building more than 173,000 bunkers. One of over 173,000 bunkers built in Albania during the rule of Enver Hoxha.Ĭoncrete military bunkers are a ubiquitous sight in Albania, with an average of 5.7 bunkers for every square kilometer (14.7 per square mile).
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